Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of. Effect of different processing methods on nutritional. Vernonia amygdalina asteraceae vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a small shrub that grows in the tropical africa with petiolate leaf of about 6 mm diameter and elliptic shape. Vernonia amygdalina, medicinal uses, nutrient composition. This plant is indigenous to tropical africa and has enormous medicinal uses and is regarded as a gold mine by many african communities.
Traditional uses of vernonia amygdalina bitter leaf. Antibacterial activity of bitter leaf amygdalina soup on. Effects of oral administration of vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract on haemoglobin of rattus norvegicus. Vernonia amygdalina mansfeld world database of agricultural and horticultural crops. Notably, medicinal plant extracts may be a potential source for treatments of breast cancer. Although this plant has been around for hundreds of years, only a few people know of its medicinal and healing properties. Benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina nutrifactsblog. Anatomical characters of the medicinal leaf and stem of. Native to nigeria west africa and widely grown in africa 3, va is also found in asia, and is especially common in singapore and malaysia 4,5. Vernonia amygdalina has also been fed to broilers, where it was able to replace 300 g kg1 of maizebased diet without affecting feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency teguia et al. Vernonia amygdalina, is one of the herbal plants, commonly known as pokok.
Issn 23203862 phytochemicals and acute oral toxicity. Vernonia is a genus of about species of forbs and shrubs in the family asteraceae. Studies have demonstrated that different vegetal extracts possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Effects of vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf extract on the. Jun 23, 2011 vernonia amygdalina is a perennial herb belonging to the asteraceae family. Bitter leaf plant with leafy green vegetable is also known as vernonia amygdalina. Effects of oral administration of vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract on packed cell. It is widely consumed in mostly central african countries both by humans and animals. Screening for the hypoglycaemic potentials of the extract. The plant is mostly found in west africa where the. The qualitative analyses of vernonia amygdalina root extract were carried out using standard methods. The leaf is commonly called bitter leaf in english, olubu or onugbo in igbo, ityuna in tiv.
Effect of methanolic extract of vernonia amygdalina common. Asteraceae, better known by its former name vernonia amygdalina delile, is a small shrub used in folk medicine as an antipyretic, laxative, antimalarial and anthelmintic. Antibacterial activity of bitter leaf amygdalina soup. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of vernonia. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and.
Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths among women globally. Pdf the present paper deals with vernonia amygdalina delile, an african medicinal plant belonging to. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the nhexane, ethanol. The leaf is bitter in nature and the bitterness turns sweet and.
This plant commonly called as bitter leaf with medium sized shrub and having petiolate green leaf of about 6 mm in diameter akah et al. Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of leaves extract. Vernonia amygdalina is used in traditional herbal medicine. Vernonia amygdalina is the most studied member of the vernonia genus as well as one of the most studied plants in africa ijeh and ejike 2011. Dec 29, 2016 the antimicrobial activities of bitter leaf makes it useful in the treatment of toothache. Vernonia amygdalina phytochemicals and medicinal plants. Blood samples were withdrawn and treated as in the first study. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, resulting to impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Vernonia amygdalina grows well for me in a container. See status, confidence level, source for definitions. Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina leaves showed that anthracene, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins were present 26. Given widespread use of vernonia amygdalina and in the light of the consideration that herdrug interaction is an important safety. Aug 14, 2015 health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina the leaves are widely used as a remedy for fever and are known as quinine substitute in nigeria. Vernonia amygdalina in different groups of rats are as shown in table 2.
Vernonia amygdalina has been shown to have antioxidant activity, and is also expected to. It is mostly used in the preparation of onugbu and egusi soup by. Vernonia amygdalinaare green with a char acteristic odour and bitter taste. The leaves exhibit a characteristic odor and bitter taste, explaining its common english. It is a shrub of 1 3 m in height with petiole leaf of about 6 mm in diameter and elliptical in shape igile et al. Gcms analysis of phytocomponents in vernonia amygdalina. The record derives from tica data supplied on 20120211 which reports it as an accepted name record 2a118dc0f70f4fc88df70579612302bf with original publication details. Health benefits of bitter leaf juice vernonia amygdalina. Acetaminophen paracetamol is a commonly and widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity. Onugbu igbo, efo ewuro yoruba, shakwa shuwaka hausa, etidot cross river state of nigeria botanical name.
However, in contrast to the meters described as the height of the tree by some authors 1416, the species found around the department of wildlife and fisheries, university of ibadan. Preparation of methanolic extract of vernonia amygdalina va. Vernonia amygdalina vernonia amygdalina are commonly called bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub that can grow up to 5 m tall, belonging to the family of asteraceae. The study investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of vernonia amygdalina and ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica against acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in sprague dawley. African bitterleaf is as common in west african cuisine as is spinach or cabbage in western dishes. Neurochemical impact of the aqueous extract of vernonia.
Vernonia amygdalina and its saponins have been reported to elicit antitumoral activities in leukemia cells 25. Vernonia amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf, is a shrub that grows up to 3 meters high in the african tropics and other parts of africa, particularly, nigeria, cameroon and zimbabawe. Native to nigeria west africa and widely grown in africa, va is also found in asia, and is especially common in singapore and malaysia. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and conspicuous redveining. Vernonia amygdalina is a valuable medicinal plant that is widespread in west africa, it is known as bitter leaf due to its characteristic bitter taste and flavour, and canbe used as an active anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial and antiparastic agent. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. The cooked leaves are a staple vegetable in soup and stews of various cultures throughout equatorial africa. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Congo, bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste. View vernonia amygdalina research papers on academia. The young leaves are used as an antihelmintic, antimalarial, laxativepurgative, enema, worm expeller and fertility inducer in subfertile women. The vernolides, a class of sesquiterpene lactone were identified as the most studied compounds from the genus and show interesting bioactivity in antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antischistosomial, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory assays.
Studies on the nutritional composition of vernonia amygdalina found its nutritional content to conform to the results obtained for green leafy vegetables. In this study, a twolevel factorial design was used to evaluate the significant extraction parameters in achieving higher recovery yield of extract, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidants from vernonia amygdalina leaf. Pdf vernonia amygdalina, an ethnoveterinary and ethnomedical. Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum. There was a significant increase in memory of treated rats relative to control with respect to the longer time spent in the light compartment of the shuttlebox. Effect of methanolic extract of vernonia amygdalina. Vernonia amygdalina, phytochemical test, ftir spectroscopy, acute toxicity 1. This post contains the powerful health benefits of bitter leaf juice vernonia amygdalina and how to extract the bitter leaf juice. The leaf is bitter in nature and the bitterness turns sweet and soothing as the tea enters the throat. Pdf current perspectives on the medicinal potentials of vernonia. However, current research about the mechanisms of the anticancer potential of va. It is consumed by a large proportion of the cameroonian population. The genus vernonia comprises roughly 1,000 species of shrubs as well as forbs which belong to the asteraceae family. Its hypoglycaemic effect and possible use in diabetic therapy have been discussed in previous reports ogbuokiri et al, 1989.
Current perspectives on the medicinal potentials of vernonia. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form different reference. Vernonia amygdalina is a widely grown shrub plant in africa consumed as vegetable and has high medicinal value. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub that can grow up to 5 m tall, belonging to the family of asteraceae 3. Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the daisy family, is a small shrub that grows in tropical africa. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the nhexane. Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub of the savannah as well as forest areas throughout tropical africa burkill, 1985. Vernonia amygdalina has the common name bitter leaf and is used mainly in soup making in the tropics. The study investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of vernonia amygdalina and ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica against acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in sprague dawley male albino. Extracts of the plant have been used in various folk medicines as remedies against helminthic, protozoal and bacterial infections with scientific support for these claims.
Scientists reveal that bitter leaves extract helps to reduce the blood estrogen level in the body by suppressing the activities of aromatase. The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract. Bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a small ever green shrub that grows in tropical africa. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic properties of ethanolic root. Vernonia amygdalina has been a known food and medicinal plants used in asia. These leaves are exported from several african countries and can be purchased in grocery stores aiming to serve african clients. Prospective bioactive compounds from vernonia amygdalina. Proximate values of the fresh vegetables were generally higher than it processed counterparts. It has gained wide application in the treatment and management of various diseases. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and enhance the digestive tract to do its job. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic properties of ethanolic.
Vernonia amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf mostly grow wild, though it could be cultivated domesticated. Vernonia amygdalina has long history of use in ethnomedicine as a digestive tonic, appetizer, and febrifuge and also as an antiparasitic agent 2. In both studies, animals were not allowed food till 4 h post dose. Screening for the hypoglycaemic potentials of the extract of vernonia amyggalina t. The results obtained revealed that the results obtained revealed that there was a marked difference between the mean values of the fbs of group 1 which is 167. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form. Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a widely used local vegetable in nigeria, uganda and other african countries. Vernonia amygdalina and talinum triangulare enhanced learning and memory and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in rats.
Vernonia amygdalina has been shown to have antioxidant activity. The suspension was filtered and the solvent evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator. Astereaceae is a widely distributed plant used for dietary and medicinal purposes in nigeria. Eight hundred twenty gram of sundried and pulverized roots of va was immersed in 5 l of methanol for five days to ensure sufficient extraction of the active components. The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia. Vernonia amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf, is a shrub that. The present investigation was designed to examine the effect of v. Vernonia amygdalina leaves are mostly consumed in asia and africa, due to its potential as a good source of antioxidants. Find vernonia amygdalina stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. The bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina, family astaraceae is a medicinal herb commonly known as bitter leaf. It can also act as a repellant against certain bugs, nematodes, aphids and insects.
Vernonia amygdalina is a medicinal plant of great importance that has its fresh leaves rich in vitamins and salt hence, it is valuable in human diet. Diabetes control and treatment vernonia amygdalina contains biologicallyactive compounds known as coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, phenolic acids, saponins, sesquiterpenes, xanthones, terpenes, steroids, lignans and edotides. Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub that has been commonly known as bitter leaf due the bitter taste. Vernonia amygdalina was identified as the most frequently used member of the vernonia genus. Pdf vernonia amygdalina delile asteraceae an african. The vernonia amygdalina is grown in borneo rainforest. Many studies have been conducted on the vernonia amygdalina and its health benefits. Cardiovascular effects of vernonia amygdalina in rats and the. This species and vernonia colorata are very similar in appearance and are not easily distinguished. Vernonia amygdalina, commonly called bitter leaf because of its bitter taste, is a. Bitter leaf just like the name implies is a vegetable well known for its bitter taste. It also went further to extract the sample using three different solvents.
The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract in. Benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina by ify published december 29, 2016 updated february 1, 2018. There was a significant increase in body weight of treated rats relative to control. Cardiovascular effects of vernonia amygdalina in rats and. A number of species belonging to this plant family are called ironweed. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub reported to have not only diverse therapeutic effects but also anticancer properties. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. It is the most cultivated species of the genus vernonia that is about 1,000 species of shrub njan et al. Gymnanthemum species, african bitterleaf gymnanthemum amygdalinum. Phytochemical and pharmacological prope of vernonia. Comparative chemical analyses of vernonia amygdalina and. Vernonia amygdalina, known as a bitter leaf, is a shrub or small tree of 25 m with a petiolate leaf of about 6 mm diameter and elliptic shape. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of its acetone leaf extract were evaluated in this study to validate its folkloric use.
Gymnanthemum species, african bitterleaf gymnanthemum. Issn 23203862 phytochemicals and acute oral toxicity studies. Vernonia amygdalina delile is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus vernonia family compositae. Bitter leaf is obtained from the leaves of a diminutive evergreen shrub called vernonia, which grows throughout africa. It is a very popular plant loved by the people from the eastern and western parts of africa. Antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of vernonia. The local tribe has been using this plant to maintain good health. Bitter leaves wood ash can be used to treat and control seedborne fungi. Odetola2 1 department of botany and microbiology, faculty of science, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria 2 department of biochemistry, faculty of pharmacy, university of ibadan ibadan, nigeria email. The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina. Introduction va is a shrub that can reach 23 feet in height when fully grown echem and kabari, 2012 5. It grows in a range of ecological zones in africa and the arabian peninsula bonsi et al. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day.
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